Effect of Ganmai Dazao Decoction on ethology of rats with PTSD and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the effect of Ganmai Dazao Decoction on the ethology of rats with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and study the related mechanism through the changes in magnetic resonance imaging and protein expression. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the low(1 g·kg~(-1)), medium(2 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups(4 g·kg~(-1)), and the positive control group(intragastric administration with 10.8 mg·kg~(-1) of fluoxetine), with 10 rats in each group. Two weeks after inducing PTSD by single-prolonged stress(SPS) in rats, the positive control group was given fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule by gavage, the low, medium, and high-dose groups were given Ganmai Dazao Decoction by gavage, and both the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage, each for 7 days. The open field experiment, elevated cross elevated maze, forced swimming experiment, and new object recognition test were carried out for the behavioral test. Three rats in each group were selected to detect the expression of neuropeptide receptor Y1(NPY1R) protein in the hippocampus by Western blot. Then, the other three rats in each group were selected to use the 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging experiment to observe the overall structural changes in the brain region and the anisotropy fraction of the hippocampus. The results of the open field experiment showed that the total distance and central distance of rats in the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group, and the total distance and central distance of rats in the middle and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups were higher than those in the model group. The results of the elevated cross maze test showed that medium and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction remarkably increased the number of open arm entries and the residence time of open arm of rats with PTSD. The results of the forced swimming experiment showed that the immobility time in the water of the model group rats was significantly higher than that of the normal group, and Ganmai Dazao Decoction hugely reduced the immobility time in the water of rats with PTSD. The results of the new object recognition test showed that Ganmai Dazao Decoction significantly increased the exploration time of new objects and familiar objects in rats with PTSD. The results of Western blot showed that Ganmai Dazao Decoction significantly reduced the expression of NYP1R protein in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. The 9.4T magnetic resonance examination found that there was no significant difference in the structural image among the groups. In the functional image, the fractional anisotropy(FA value) of the hippocampus in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. The FA value of the hippocampus in the middle and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups was higher than that in the model group. Ganmai Dazao Decoction reduces the injury of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expression of NYP1R in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD, thereby improving the nerve function injury of rats with PTSD and playing a neuroprotective role.

The biological principle of "Biao Ben Jian Zhi" / 药学学报

Along with the progress of pharmaceutical science in the past century, the theme of pharmacology has gone through pseudo agent scheme, to ligand-receptor model, and then to the theory of targeted therapy today. Due to the success of drug R&D, current drug research keeps its focus mainly on drugs with single target and precise treatment, in which the molecular mechanism is relatively clear but the therapeutic efficacy is often limited. Thus, there is a big space for exploration in the field of pharmacology. In the past 30 years, several novel chemical drugs, originated from traditional Chinese medicine, have been identified and then used in clinic, provoking a strong interest to explore new theory for pharmacology, of which the term of "Biao Ben Jian Zhi" (treating diseases by directing symptoms and root causes) has demonstrated a promising nature. We consider this concept useful for future drug discovery, drug design and clinical therapy. In this review, example drugs such as berberine, metformin and azvudine, are discussed, and "drug Cloud" (dCloud) model is introduced to elaborate the mechanism of treating diseases by directing symptoms and root causes of diseases.

Wernekink Commissure Syndrome With Hallucinations and Involuntary Groping:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

Wernekink commissure syndrome is a rare midbrain syndrome with bilateral cerebellar dysfunction,eye movement disorder,and palatal myoclonus.Few cases of this syndrome have been reported in China,let alone those combined with hallucinations and involuntary groping.This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of a case of Wernekink commissure syndrome with hallucinations and involuntary groping,aiming to enrich the knowledge about this disease for clinicians.

Advances in histone epigenetic enzyme inhibitors based on proteomics / 药学学报

As an important component of nucleosomes on the chromatin of eukaryotic cells, histones play an important role in the development and progression of tumour diseases by regulating epigenetic post-translational modifications such as acetylation and methylation. In addition, development of inhibitors targeting methyltransferase and deacetylase provides novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can reveal the global changes of histone modifications under the action of drugs during disease progression, which in turn provides important support for revealing drug action mechanism, drug resistance mechanism, and investigating novel drug combination strategies. This article focuses on the progress and status of proteomic research on a variety of histone modifying enzyme inhibitors, including methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which will help to understand the current and further utilization of proteomics in studying histone modifications.

Research progress of prebiotics in drug delivery system / 药学学报

With the in-depth study on the gut microflora, the impact of intestinal bacteria on human health has attracted more and more attention. It has become a research hotspot in life science and medicine, and is considered as an important target of disease control. Prebiotics can regulate the composition and function of intestinal flora and then improve host health. Carbohydrate is the most basic prebiotic. Its unique physiochemical characteristics and gut microbiota-regulating ability make it a promising ingredient for achieving drug target delivery and intestinal health promotion. In this paper, different kinds of prebiotics and their regulation mechanism of intestinal bacteria were illuminated. Moreover, the research progress of carbohydrate prebiotics in drug delivery system was elucidated, and its application prospect is prospected, so as to provide reference for related research.

Research progress of natural-derived compounds in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 药学学报

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing year by year in the world, which seriously threaten the public health. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and there is no specific treatment for NAFLD. Natural-derived compounds have the characteristics of multi-target and multi-mechanism, which can improve the curative effect and reduce the toxic and side effects by regulating multiple factors of the disease. They are ideal drugs for treating complex diseases and have unique advantages in improving NAFLD. However, low intestinal absorption, poor bioavailability, and single medicine efficiency limit the utilization of many compounds, and further drug development and clinical application are challenging. This paper reviews the research progress of natural-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in recent years, analyzes the existing problems, and discusses the improvement strategies, so as to provide reference for related research.

Dengzhan Shengmai inhibits nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via regulating intestinal microenvironment / 药学学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Dengzhan Shengmai (DZSM) against nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). The animal experiment program was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The NAFLD model of Syrian golden hamsters was established by high fat diets. After 6 weeks of DZSM treatment, the serum lipid, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver function and inflammatory response were determined. The regulations of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids were detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, respectively. The gut barrier function was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot and histopathological methods and further verified in HepG2 cells. The results showed that the efficacy of DZSM against NAFLD was remarkably reduced after removal of the gut microbiota. The study of mechanism showed that DZSM significantly regulated the composition of gut microbiota, promoted the production and absorption of intestinal short-chain fatty acids, then leading to the reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, after DZSM treatment, the decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level by improving the intestinal barrier function significantly inhibited the hepatic inflammation through down-regulating Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) signaling pathway. These results indicate that DZSM inhibits NAFLD via regulating intestinal microenvironment.

Role of gut microbiota in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a genetic and environmental factor-associated metabolic disease that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent decades the prevalence of NAFLD has increased, but effective pharmacotherapy is limited. Treatment regimens in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made significant contributions to the control of NAFLD, but underlying mechanisms are far less elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of diseases including NAFLD. The outcomes of such research open a new approach in identifying the molecular mechanisms of TCM. Here we review the evidence that gut microbiota might be a target in the treatment NAFLD using TCM.

Berberine ameliorates dexamethasone-induced metabolic disorder in C57 mice / 药学学报

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of berberine (BBR) against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced metabolic disorders. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated by Dex treatment and then treated with BBR (2.5, 5, 10 μmol·L-1). Lipid accumulation was detected using oil-red O staining. After review and approval of the ethics committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into three groups. In the BBR treatment group, mice were subcutaneously implanted with an osmotic pump containing Dex and gavaged with BBR (100 mg·kg-1·day-1) for 4 weeks. The model control group was implanted with a Dex osmotic pump with no other treatment. Mice given a saline-filled osmotic pump were used as a negative control. During the study, food intake and body weight were measured weekly. Subcutaneous fat and visceral fat was detected by MRI. At the end of the experiment the plasma levels of total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), glucose (Glu), and muscle mass were measured. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) in 3T3-L1 cells and epididymal fat of C57BL/6N mice was evaluated through RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The results showed that BBR inhibited Dex-induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by up to 23% in a dose-dependent manner. In C57BL/6N mice, berberine alleviated hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia and reduced visceral fat accumulation induced by Dex. The results from RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that BBR reduced PPARγ expression and increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα in 3T3-L1 cells as well as in adipose tissue. Berberine might alleviate Dex-induced metabolic disorder and visceral fat accumulation by modulating PPARγ and AMPK expression.

Application of systematic biology technology in research of traditional Chinese medicine based on overall research / 中草药

Traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of China, which has played an indelible role in the process of fighting against diseases. Under the background of times of building Healthy China, how to play the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the disease prevention and treatment is the focus of attention. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of "multi-component, multi-target, and overall regulation", and it's not enough to reveal its internal essence only by the way of "local concept", so the research thinking of "overall concept"is imperative. System biology, a research technology, which understands the organism from a holistic perspective and coincides with the way of "overall concept"of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the research strategy of traditional Chinese medicine based on system biology with highly feasible. In this paper, the application of system biology technologies, such as genomics, transcriptome, proteomics, metabonomics, microbiomics, omics combination and network pharmacology technology, in the research of ingredients, pharmacology and toxicology, identification, cultivation and genetic breeding of traditional Chinese medicine was reviewed, in order to provide reference for the further application of system biology strategy in the research of traditional Chinese medicine, based on the idea of "overall concept".

Design and application of a moxibustion device with separated moxibustion smoke and heat / 中国针灸

In the view of the defects of the commonly used moxibustion instruments and moxa heating instruments, such as the moxa ash cannot be removed automatically, the temperature of moxibustion and moxibustion smoke is difficult to be stabilized and adjusted, and the instruments are complex and expensive, a moxibustion device with separated moxibustion smoke and heat is designed. This device can automatically remove the moxa ash and keep it on the isolation net; the temperature of the moxibustion outlet is maintained at 43-48 ℃ (effective moxibustion temperature) for more than 40 minutes, and there is no visible moxa smoke; the temperature of the moxa smoke outlet is controlled between 28-75 ℃, and the effective discharge of moxa smoke can be realized without external power equipment. This device has the advantages of stable and controllable temperature of moxibustion outlet and moxa smoke outlet, automatic removal and collection of moxa ash, separation of moxa smoke without additional power, etc., which can be used in clinical and animal experiments for moxa heating, moxa smoke removal, etc.

The complication and prevention of laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy treatment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a common microvascular complication of diabetes caused by chronic hyperglycemia and ischemia, which can seriously impair the patient's vision or even cause blindness. The main causes of visual impairment include macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma. Retinal laser photocoagulation is one of the most important therapies for DR. The thermal effects of laser photocoagulation can denature proteins, coagulate and destruct tissue, and finally scars occur. The scar tissue which consumes very low oxygen replaces the cones and rod and reduces tissue oxygen consumption significantly, and relieves the retinal ischemia and hypoxia especially for the middle and peripheral part of retina. However, complications such as macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, and visual field defects may occur easily following laser treatment. This article reviews recent literatures about the complications and preventions of laser photocoagulation in DR treatment.

Expression of long non-coding RNA SNHG3 in breast cancer and its clinical significance / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are a few reports about the expression of SNHG3 in breast cancer and its effects. This study aimed to detect the expression of SNHG3 in breast cancer and paracancerous tissues, along with its relevance to clinicopathological parameters.MethodsSeventy-four patients with breast cancer were confirmed pathologically in our hospital from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2017. The expression of SNHG3 was examined in breast cancer and paracancerous tissues by qRT-PCR. Correlations between the expression of SNHG3 and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.Results SNHG3 expression was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to paracancerous tissues, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0.000). Low expression of SNHG3 was in negative correlation to Ki-67 (rs=-0.296, P=0.013).ConclusionThe expression of SNHG3 downregulated in breast cancer tissues, and its expression level is related to Ki-67, which may serve as a potential diagnostic molecular marker.

Research progress and application status of topical absorbable hemostatic / 医学研究生学报

Hemostatic agents play a crucial role in successful operations and the pre-hospital care of war wounds. Recently, hemostatic agents have become a hot topic in medicine,surgery and emergency medicine. The topical absorbable hemostatic agents are now the first choice of some clinical bleeding and war wounds owing to their features, such as flexible operation, high efficiency and wide application. A great variety of topical absorbable hemostatics have flooded the market. There are many differences existing among these hemostatics,including sources of material and the hemostatic mechanism,which makes it hard for clinicians to professionally se-lect the appropriate one.This review discusses the classification,hemostatic mechanism,clinical application,advantages and disadvan-tages of common topical absorbable hemostatics. Furthermore,we provide the basic theory for surgeons to choose suitable hemostatic a-gents at the right time.

Correlation among oxidative stress and inflammatory factors ,apoptotic factors in rats with heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore correlation among oxidative stress and inflammatory factors and apoptosis in rats with heart failure (HF).Methods :A total of 20 SD rats weighing 180～200g were randomly divided into sham operation group (n＝12) and HF model group (n＝8).After eight-week feeding ,cardiac function and hemodynamic indexes ,levels of su-peroxide dismutase (SOD) ,malondialdehyde (MDA) ,interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-18 ,inhibitory apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptosis protein Bax were measured and compared between two groups .Results :Compared with sham operation group ,there were significant reductions in levels of SOD [ (140.37 ± 7.84) KU/L vs.(80.89 ± 6.65) KU/L] ,IL-10 [ (63.04 ± 10.84) pg/ml vs.(25.24 ± 4.08) pg/ml] and Bcl-2/Bax [ (1.58 ± 0.20) vs.(0.45 ± 0.65)] ,and significant rise in levels of MDA [ (4.48 ± 1.26) μmol/mg vs.(15.99 ± 2.44) μmol/mg] and IL-18 [ (249.92 ± 24.65) pg/ml vs. (442.29 ± 32.98) pg/ml] in HF model group ,P＝0.001 all.Pearson linear regression analysis indicated that in HF rats , Bcl-2/Bax was significant positively correlated with SOD and IL-10 levels (r＝0.652 ,0.783 ,P＝0.001 both) ,and signif-icant inversely correlated with MDA and IL-18 levels (r＝ －0.644 ,－0.917 ,P＝0.001 both).Conclusion :During occur-rence and development of heart failure ,oxidative stress level rises and imbalance of inflammatory factor proportion occurs , which accelerate protein apoptosis ,then aggravate heart failure .

Study on extraction process of Compound Huzhang Prescription based on fingerprint combined with principal component analysis / 中草药

Objective: To establish an extraction process optimization method based on fingerprint combined with principal component analysis, which was finally applied to Compound Huzhang ethanol extraction process optimization. Methods: Taking Compound Huzhang prescription as model drug, different ethanol extraction condition fingerprint was established by HPLC, harvesting the areas of the common peaks, the total factor scores were calculated by PCA. Arranged experiments with U9(93×31) uniform design method, choosing the total factor scores as index, the influence of extration times (X1), alcohol consumption(X2), alcohol concentration(X3), and time of extracting(X4) on the yield of extract was investigated, then the technological parameters of optimum ethanol extraction condition were selected by multi-nonlinear mathematic models. Results: Multi-nonlinear mathematic models described the relationship between response indexes and factor variables with a regression coefficient of 0.997. The optimized conditions for Compound Huzhang Prescription were extracted in 90% ethanol six times as much as it for three times, 1h once. Conclusion: It is proved that the extraction method is suitable and feasible that could provide a reference for compound Chinese medicine extraction process optimization.

Components and time characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with different levels of self-management / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the components and time characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with different levels of self-management.Methods:The patients were first divided into higher,medium and lower self-management levels based on the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA),63 subjects in each group.A probe detection task was used to examine the impact of the different emotional pictures and stimulus presenting time on attentional bias.Results:When the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,patients with higher self-management levels showed shorter reaction time to positive pictures than to negative pictures [(597.8 ± 185.5) ms vs.(626.0 ± 186.6) ms,P ＜ 0.01],and their scores of negative attentional bias [(-22.5 ± 79.0) ms,P ＜0.05] and negative orienting index were lower than 0[(-26.6 ±74.5) ms,P ＜0.01].The scores of negative disengaging index were significant higher than 0 in patients with medium self-management levels [(17.2 ± 60.3) ms,P ＜0.05],the scores of positive disengaging index were significant lower than 0 in patients with lower selfmanagement levels [(-22.6 ±74.8) ms,P ＜0.05]].When the stimuli were displayed for 1250 ms,the scores of positive orienting index were higher than 0 in patients with medium self-management levels [(14.9 ± 54.4) ms,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion:It suggests that there are different characteristics of implicit cognitive processing in patients with different levels of self-management.

Advances in the study of long non-coding RNA in the therapy resistance of breast cancer / 医学研究生学报

The occurrence of breast cancer therapy resistance is one of the most important reasons for the failure of breast cancer treatment.Once there was therapy resistance,breast cancer patients will suffer from advance of the cancer,replace of the tumor and distance metastasis,which will cause decrease of the quality of life and increase of the mortality rate.Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a very important role in the tumorigenesis and development.There are few reports about lncRNA in the resistance of breast cancer at home and abroad,especially in the field of molecular targeted therapy.However,understanding the role of lncRNA in the therapy resistance of breast cancer can effectively improve the effectiveness of several treat approaches of breast cancer.This article reviews the function of lncRNA in breast cancer chemotherapy,endocrine therapy and molecular targeted therapy and further clarify its molecular mechanism.

Optimization of preparation process of Gui-Shao Cataplasm based on principal component analysis combined with uniform design / 中草药

Objective: To establish a comprehensive evaluation method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of multiple indexes of Chinese medicine and to choose the best preparation technology of Gui-Shao Cataplasm with this method. Methods: The appearance description, initial bonding strength, endurance bonding strength, and peel strength were taken as indexes, the total factor scores were calculated using PCA and were employed to evaluate the quality of Gui-Shao Cataplasm, the uniform design test was used to optimize the amounts of sodium polyacrylate NP-700, aluminium glycinate, glycerin, etc. for Gui-Shao Cataplasm. Results: The optimal ratio of the prescription was as following: sodium polyacrylate NP-700-PVP K-30-aluminium glycinate-EDTA-2Na-tartaric acid-glycerin-extract (8∶1∶0.25∶0.07∶0.15∶25∶20). The foremost factors were tartaric acid, PVP K-30, sodium polyacrylate NP-700, aluminium glycinate, glycerin, and EDTA-2Na. Conclusion: The optimal prescription has easy ductility, uniform paste, and moderate adhesion, and it could provide the foundation for the development of new prescription of Gui-Shao Cataplasm; The PCA could be a reference for the Chinese medicine research of multiple indexes.

Pattern recognition and its application in quality assessment of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

In recent years, with the development of Chinese materia medica (CMM) industry, the problem of quality control method is not comprehensive. It becomes the most important factor to block the development of CMM. Many scholars look for some new methods, by which the quality of CMM could be assessed objectively and accurately. Since 1980s, the pattern recognition was introduced to the chemical field and was applied to CMM at the same time. And there were some CMM quality assessment methods based on the pattern recognition established so far. In this article, the latest research progress in the pattern recognition, basic principle, and technology, was introduced and the applications in principal component analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, grey correlation analysis, partial least squares, heuristic evolving latent projections and artificial neural networks of CMM quality assessment have been reviewed, so as to provide the reference for further studies and application in CMM.